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Compare El Salvador (2001) - El Salvador (2004)

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 El Salvador (2001)El Salvador (2004)
 El SalvadorEl Salvador
Age structure 0-14 years:
37.68% (male 1,198,623; female 1,151,584)

15-64 years:
57.27% (male 1,693,865; female 1,878,254)

65 years and over:
5.05% (male 142,345; female 172,991) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 36.8% (male 1,237,262; female 1,185,750)


15-64 years: 58.1% (male 1,819,035; female 2,009,032)


65 years and over: 5.1% (male 150,221; female 186,241) (2004 est.)
Airports 83 (2000 est.) 73 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
4

over 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
2 (2000 est.)
total: 4


over 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
79

914 to 1,523 m:
17

under 914 m:
62 (2000 est.)
total: 69


914 to 1,523 m: 15


under 914 m: 54 (2004 est.)
Area total:
21,040 sq km

land:
20,720 sq km

water:
320 sq km
total: 21,040 sq km


land: 20,720 sq km


water: 320 sq km
Background El Salvador achieved independence from Spain in 1821 and from the Central American Federation in 1839. A 12-year civil war, which cost the lives of some 75,000 people, was brought to a close in 1992 when the government and leftist rebels signed a treaty that provided for military and political reforms. El Salvador achieved independence from Spain in 1821 and from the Central American Federation in 1839. A 12-year civil war, which cost about 75,000 lives, was brought to a close in 1992 when the government and leftist rebels signed a treaty that provided for military and political reforms.
Birth rate 28.67 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 27.48 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget revenues:
$1.8 billion

expenditures:
$2.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
revenues: $2.434 billion


expenditures: $2.625 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.)
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of El Salvador

conventional short form:
El Salvador

local long form:
Republica de El Salvador

local short form:
El Salvador
conventional long form: Republic of El Salvador


conventional short form: El Salvador


local long form: Republica de El Salvador


local short form: El Salvador
Currency Salvadoran colon (SVC); US dollar (USD) US dollar (USD)
Death rate 6.18 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 5.93 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external $4.1 billion (2000 est.) $6.575 billion (2003 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Rose M. LIKINS

embassy:
Boulevard Santa Elena Final, Antiguo Cuscatlan, La Libertad, San Salvador

mailing address:
Unit 3116, APO AA 34023

telephone:
[503] 278-4444

FAX:
[503] 278-6011
chief of mission: Ambassador H. Douglas BARCLAY


embassy: Final Boulevard Santa Elena Sur, Antiguo Cuscatlan, La Libertad, San Salvador


mailing address: Unit 3116, APO AA 34023


telephone: [503] 278-4444


FAX: [503] 278-5522
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Rene Antonio LEON Rodriguez

chancery:
2308 California Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 265-9671

consulate(s) general:
Chicago, Dallas, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, and San Francisco

consulate(s):
Boston
chief of mission: Ambassador Rene Antonio LEON Rodriguez


chancery: 2308 California Street NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 265-9671


FAX: [1] (202) 234-3834


consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco, and Washington, DC
Disputes - international with respect to the maritime boundary in the Golfo de Fonseca, the ICJ referred to the line determined by the 1900 Honduras-Nicaragua Mixed Boundary Commission and advised that some tripartite resolution among El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua likely would be required in 1992, the ICJ ruled on the delimitation of "bolsones" (disputed areas) along the El Salvador-Honduras boundary, and the OAS is assisting with a technical resolution of undemarcated bolsones; in 2003, the ICJ rejected El Salvador's request to revise its decision on one part of the bolsones; the 1992 ICJ ruling advised a tripartite resolution to a maritime boundary in the Gulf of Fonseca with consideration of Honduran access to the Pacific; El Salvador continues to claim tiny Conejo Island, not mentioned by the ICJ, off Honduras in the Gulf de Fonseca
Economic aid - recipient total $252 million; $57 million from US (1999 est.) total $252 million; $57 million from US (1995)
Economy - overview El Salvador is a struggling Central American economy which has been suffering from a weak tax collection system, factory closings, the aftermaths of Hurricane Mitch of 1998 and the devastating earthquakes of early 2001, and weak world coffee prices. On the bright side, in recent years inflation has fallen to single digit levels, and total exports have grown substantially. The trade deficit has been offset by remittances (an estimated $1.6 billion in 2000) from Salvadorans living abroad and by external aid. As of 1 January 2001, the US dollar was made legal tender alongside the colon. With the adoption of the US dollar as its currency, El Salvador has lost control over monetary policy and must concentrate on maintaining a disciplined fiscal policy. GDP per capita is roughly only half that of Brazil, Argentina, and Chile, and the distribution of income is highly unequal. The trade deficit has been offset by annual remittances of almost $2 billion from Salvadorans living abroad and external aid. The government is striving to open new export markets, encourage foreign investment, modernize the tax and healthcare systems, and stimulate the sluggish economy.
Electricity - consumption 3.638 billion kWh (1999) 3.777 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports 208 million kWh (1999) 44 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 460 million kWh (1999) 353 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production 3.641 billion kWh (1999) 3.729 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
45.65%

hydro:
41.01%

nuclear:
0%

other:
13.34% (1999)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Cerro El Pital 2,730 m
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: Cerro El Pital 2,730 m
Environment - current issues deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution; contamination of soils from disposal of toxic wastes; Hurricane Mitch damage deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution; contamination of soils from disposal of toxic wastes
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Law of the Sea
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Exchange rates Salvadoran colones per US dollar - 8.755 (fixed rate since 1993) the US dollar is the legal tender
Executive branch chief of state:
President Francisco FLORES Perez (since 1 June 1999); Vice President Carlos QUINTANILLA Schmidt (since 1 June 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Francisco FLORES Perez (since 1 June 1999); Vice President Carlos QUINTANILLA Schmidt (since 1 June 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
cabinet selected by the president

elections:
president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 7 March 1999 (next to be held NA March 2004)

election results:
Francisco FLORES Perez elected president; percent of vote - Francisco FLORES (ARENA) 52%, Facundo GUARDADO (FMLN) 29%, Ruben ZAMORA (CDU) 7.5%, other (no individual above 3%) 11.5%
chief of state: President Elias Antonio SACA (since 1 June 2004); Vice President Ana Vilma DE ESCOBAR (since 1 June 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Elias Antonio SACA (since 1 June 2004); Vice President Ana Vilma DE ESCOBAR (since 1 June 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Council of Ministers selected by the president


elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 21 March 2004 (next to be held NA March 2009)


election results: Elias Antonio SACA elected president; percent of vote - Elias Antonio SACA (ARENA) 57.7%, Schafik HANDAL (FMLN) 35.6%, Hector SILVA (CDU-PDC) 3.9%, other 2.8%
Exports $2.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000) NA (2001)
Exports - partners US 63%, Guatemala 11%, Honduras 7%, Costa Rica 4% (1999) US 67.8%, Guatemala 11.5%, Honduras 5.9% (2003)
GDP purchasing power parity - $24 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $30.99 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
12%

industry:
28%

services:
60% (1999 est.)
agriculture: 9.4%


industry: 31.2%


services: 59.3% (2003)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $4,000 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $4,800 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 2.5% (2000 est.) 1.4% (2003 est.)
Heliports 1 (2000 est.) 1 (2003 est.)
Highways total:
10,029 km

paved:
1,986 km (including 327 km of expressways)

unpaved:
8,043 km (1997)
total: 10,029 km


paved: 1,986 km (including 327 km of expressways)


unpaved: 8,043 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
1.2%

highest 10%:
38.3% (1995)
lowest 10%: 1.4%


highest 10%: 39.3% (2001)
Illicit drugs transshipment point for cocaine; marijuana produced for local consumption; domestic drug abuse on the rise transshipment point for cocaine; small amounts of marijuana produced for local consumption; domestic cocaine abuse on the rise
Imports $4.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000) NA (2001)
Imports - partners US 52%, Guatemala 9%, Mexico 6%, Costa Rica 3% (1999) US 50%, Guatemala 8.1%, Mexico 5.5% (2003)
Industrial production growth rate 5% (2000 est.) 1.6% (2003 est.)
Infant mortality rate 28.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 25.93 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 28.79 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 22.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.5% (2000 est.) 2.1% (2003 est.)
International organization participation BCIE, CACM, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), MINURSO, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO BCIE, CACM, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 4 (2000) -
Irrigated land 1,200 sq km (1993 est.) 360 sq km (1998 est.)
Labor force 2.35 million (1999) 2.62 million (2003)
Land boundaries total:
545 km

border countries:
Guatemala 203 km, Honduras 342 km
total: 545 km


border countries: Guatemala 203 km, Honduras 342 km
Land use arable land:
27%

permanent crops:
8%

permanent pastures:
29%

forests and woodland:
5%

other:
31% (1993 est.)
arable land: 31.85%


permanent crops: 12.07%


other: 56.08% (2001)
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa (84 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve three-year terms)

elections:
last held 12 March 2000 (next to be held NA March 2003)

election results:
percent of vote by party - ARENA 36.1%, FMLN 35.14%, PCN 8.76%, PDC 7.08%, CD 5.32%, PAN 3.75%, USC 1.47%, PLD 1.29%; seats by party - ARENA 28, FMLN 31, PCN 14, PDC 5, CD 3, PAN 1, independent 2
unicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa (84 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve three-year terms)


elections: last held 16 March 2003 (next to be held NA March 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FMLN 31, ARENA 28, PCN 15, PDC 5, CD 5
Life expectancy at birth total population:
70.03 years

male:
66.43 years

female:
73.81 years (2001 est.)
total population: 70.92 years


male: 67.31 years


female: 74.7 years (2004 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 10 and over can read and write

total population:
71.5%

male:
73.5%

female:
69.8% (1995 est.)
definition: age 10 and over can read and write


total population: 80.2%


male: 82.8%


female: 77.7% (2003 est.)
Location Middle America, bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and Honduras Central America, bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and Honduras
Maritime claims territorial sea:
200 NM
territorial sea: 200 nm
Merchant marine none (2000 est.) none
Military branches Army, Navy, Air Force Army, Navy (FNES), Air Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $112 million (FY99) $157 million (2003)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 0.7% (FY99) 1.1% (2003)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
1,464,898 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 1,571,299 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
929,263 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 995,672 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
68,103 (2001 est.)
males: 69,993 (2004 est.)
Nationality noun:
Salvadoran(s)

adjective:
Salvadoran
noun: Salvadoran(s)


adjective: Salvadoran
Natural hazards known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes very destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes very destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity; extremely susceptible to hurricanes
Net migration rate -3.95 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -3.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Political parties and leaders Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Rene AGUILUZ]; Democratic Convergence or CD (includes PSD, MNR, MPSC) [Ruben ZAMORA, secretary general]; Democratic Party or PD [Jorge MELENDEZ]; Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front or FMLN [Fabio CASTILLO]; Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Kirio Waldo SALGADO, president]; National Action Party or PAN [Gustavo Rogelio SALINAS, secretary general]; National Conciliation Party or PCN [Ciro CRUZ Zepeda, president]; National Republican Alliance or ARENA [Walter ARAUJO]; Social Christian Union or USC (formed by the merger of Christian Social Renewal Party or PRSC and Unity Movement or MU) [Abraham RODRIGUEZ, president] Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Rodolfo PARKER]; United Democratic Center or CDU [Ruben ZAMORA, secretary general]; Democratic Party or PD [Jorge MELENDEZ]; Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front or FMLN [Medardo GONZALEZ]; Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Kirio Waldo SALGADO, president]; National Action Party or PAN [Gustavo Rogelio SALINAS, secretary general]; National Conciliation Party or PCN [Ciro CRUZ ZEPEDA, president]; National Republican Alliance or ARENA [Elias Antonio SACA]; Social Christian Union or USC (formed by the merger of Christian Social Renewal Party or PRSC and Unity Movement or MU) [Abraham RODRIGUEZ, president]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Juan MEDRANO]
Population 6,237,662 (July 2001 est.) 6,587,541 (July 2004 est.)
Population growth rate 1.85% (2001 est.) 1.78% (2004 est.)
Radios 2.75 million (1997) -
Railways total:
562 km

narrow gauge:
562 km 0.914-m gauge

note:
length of route which is operational is reduced to 283 km by disuse and lack of maintainance (2001)
total: 283 km


narrow gauge: 283 km 0.914-m gauge


note: length of operational route reduced from 562 km to 283 km by disuse and lack of maintenance (2003)
Religions Roman Catholic 86%

note:
there is extensive activity by Protestant groups throughout the country; by the end of 1992, there were an estimated 1 million Protestant evangelicals in El Salvador
Roman Catholic 83%


note: there is extensive activity by Protestant groups throughout the country; by the end of 1992, there were an estimated 1 million Protestant evangelicals in El Salvador
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.9 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.82 male(s)/female

total population:
0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female


total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Telephone system general assessment:
NA

domestic:
nationwide microwave radio relay system

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System
general assessment: NA


domestic: nationwide microwave radio relay system


international: country code - 503; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System
Telephones - main lines in use 380,000 (1998) 752,600 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular 40,163 (1997) 1,149,800 (2003)
Total fertility rate 3.34 children born/woman (2001 est.) 3.2 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate 10% (2000 est.) 6.5% - but the economy has much underemployment (2003 est.)
Waterways Rio Lempa partially navigable Rio Lempa partially navigable (2004)
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